🌿 Nasturtium

Tropaeolum majus
herbs Annual flower/herb
Illustration of Nasturtium
☀️ Sun
Full sun to partial shade; more sun = more flowers.
💧 Water
Moderate; drought-tolerant. Overwatering reduces flowering.
🗺️ Zones
Annual everywhere; can perennialize in zones 9-11
🪴 Soil Type
POOR soil is best! Rich soil produces abundant leaves but few flowers. pH 6.0-7.5. Well-draining. Do NOT fertilize.
🧪 Soil pH
6.0-7.5 (tolerates poor soil; overly rich soil reduces flowering)
📏 Spacing
10-12 inches apart (bush); 12-18 inches (trailing/climbing)
📐 Height
12 inches (bush); 6-10 feet (climbing/trailing)
📅 Days to Maturity
35-50 days from seed to flower

🍴 Edible Parts

🍽️ ["Flowers (sweet-spicy)"🍽️ "Leaves (peppery \u2014 'poor man's watercress')"🍽️ "Immature seed pods (pickled as 'poor man's capers')"🍽️ "Stems (young and tender)"]

🤝 Companions (8)

🤝 Cucumbers
Repels cucumber beetles and squash bugs. Nasturtiums act as a trap crop for aphids — they lure aphids away from cucumbers.
🤝 Squash
Repels squash bugs and striped pumpkin beetles; excellent trap crop for aphids.
🤝 Tomatoes
Repels whiteflies and aphids; attracts pollinators.
🤝 Cabbage/Brassicas
Repels cabbage worms and acts as a trap crop for aphids.
🤝 Beans
Repels bean beetles; climbing nasturtiums can share pole bean supports.
🤝 Roses
Repels aphids from roses; classic companion.
🤝 Radishes
Improves radish flavor and growth when planted nearby.
🤝 Fruit trees
Repels woolly aphids from apple trees; attracts pollinators.

⚠️ Keep Apart (2)

Fennel's allelopathy inhibits nasturtium growth.
⚠️ None other significant
Nasturtium is exceptionally compatible with most garden plants.

💊 Medicinal Uses

{"conditions_treated": ["Respiratory infections (bronchitis, coughs, chest congestion \u2014 natural antibiotic)", "Urinary tract infections (antimicrobial in urinary tract)", "Minor wounds and skin infections (antibacterial \u2014 topical)", "Scurvy (very high in vitamin C)", "Colds and flu (antimicrobial, vitamin C)", "Hair loss (traditional scalp tonic \u2014 stimulates circulation)", "Intestinal parasites (vermifuge \u2014 traditional use)"], "preparation_methods": ["Nasturtium tea: 1-2 tsp fresh leaves/flowers steeped 10 min; for respiratory infections and UTIs (spicy, warming)", "Tincture: 1:5 in 40% alcohol; 2-4ml 3x daily for respiratory/urinary infections", "Nasturtium vinegar: Leaves and flowers infused in apple cider vinegar; 1 tbsp in water as antimicrobial tonic", "Infused oil: Flowers infused in carrier oil for scalp massage (hair loss) and skin infections", "Culinary medicine: Fresh leaves and flowers in salads \u2014 'nature's antibiotic' eaten regularly", "Poultice: Crushed leaves applied to minor wounds and skin infections", "Hair rinse: Strong infusion used as final hair rinse to stimulate scalp circulation"], "active_compounds": ["Glucotropaeolin (mustard oil glycoside \u2014 converts to benzyl isothiocyanate, a potent antimicrobial)", "Vitamin C (very high)", "Flavonoids", "Carotenoids", "Oxalic acid"], "toxicity_warnings": "Generally safe. Contains oxalic acid \u2014 those with kidney stones or oxalate sensitivity should avoid large quantities. Spicy/pungent \u2014 may irritate sensitive stomachs in large amounts. Avoid medicinal doses during pregnancy (mustard oil compounds). Do not use pure essential oil internally."}

📜 History & Traditional Uses

{"medieval": "Introduced to Europe from Peru in the 16th century. Quickly adopted in monastery and cottage gardens. Used for 'scurvy and infections of the mouth and throat.' The name 'nasturtium' means 'nose-twister' for its pungent quality.", "ancient": "Used by the Incas and other Andean peoples as a medicinal herb and food. Spanish conquistadors brought nasturtium to Europe in the 1500s.", "folk_medicine": "European herbalists adopted nasturtium as 'Indian cress' \u2014 used like watercress for respiratory and urinary infections. Used as a 'blood purifier' in spring tonics. Pickled seed pods were a caper substitute and winter vitamin C source."}