🌿 Cilantro / Coriander

Coriandrum sativum
herbs Annual herb (leaves = cilantro; seeds = coriander)
Illustration of Cilantro / Coriander
☀️ Sun
Full sun to partial shade; afternoon shade in hot climates delays bolting
💧 Water
Consistent moisture; stress causes bolting. Mulch to keep roots cool.
🗺️ Zones
Annual everywhere; best in cool seasons (spring/fall)
🪴 Soil Type
Rich, well-draining, moist; pH 6.2-6.8
🧪 Soil pH
6.2-6.8 (prefers well-drained, fertile soil; tolerates 6.0-7.5)
📏 Spacing
6-8 inches apart for leaves; 12 inches for seed production
📐 Height
18-24 inches (leaf); 24-36 inches (flowering/seed)
📅 Days to Maturity
21-28 days for baby leaves; 45-60 days for mature; 90-120 days for coriander seed

🍴 Edible Parts

🍽️ ["Leaves (cilantro)"🍽️ "Seeds (coriander)"🍽️ "Roots (used in Thai cuisine)"🍽️ "Flowers"]

🤝 Companions (6)

🤝 Tomatoes
Attracts beneficial hoverflies and parasitic wasps; repels aphids and spider mites.
Cilantro provides light shade that prolongs spinach harvest in warm weather.
Enhances anise growth and flavor; traditional pairing.
Both are umbellifers attracting beneficial insects; shared growing needs.
Mutual beneficial insect attraction; both bolt quickly in heat.
🤝 Beans
Repels bean pests; low-growing cilantro doesn't compete with pole beans.

⚠️ Keep Apart (2)

Fennel is allelopathic and inhibits cilantro growth; cross-pollination risk.
Completely different water needs; cilantro needs moisture, lavender needs dry.

💊 Medicinal Uses

{"conditions_treated": ["Heavy metal toxicity (chelating agent \u2014 evidence for lead and mercury removal)", "Digestive issues (gas, bloating, indigestion, colic)", "Nausea and motion sickness", "Anxiety and insomnia (mild sedative \u2014 especially the seeds)", "Urinary tract infections (mild antimicrobial)", "Joint pain and rheumatism (anti-inflammatory)", "High blood sugar (hypoglycemic \u2014 coriander seeds)", "Food poisoning (antimicrobial against Salmonella)"], "preparation_methods": ["Coriander seed tea: 1-2 tsp crushed seeds steeped 10 min; for digestive issues and anxiety", "Cilantro pesto/chutney: Fresh leaves consumed for heavy metal chelation (must be consistent)", "Tincture: 1:5 in 45% alcohol; 2-4ml 3x daily for digestive issues or anxiety", "Coriander seed decoction: Simmer seeds 10 min for stronger digestive/carminative effect", "Infused oil: Coriander seed in carrier oil for joint pain (topical)", "Cilantro juice: Small amounts for detoxification (combine with chlorella for heavy metals)"], "active_compounds": ["Linalool", "Geranyl acetate", "\u03b1-pinene", "Camphor", "Flavonoids"], "toxicity_warnings": "Generally very safe. Some people have genetic aversion (tastes like soap). Excessive cilantro consumption may cause photosensitivity. Coriander seed oil is generally safe but use diluted. May lower blood sugar \u2014 caution with diabetes medications."}

📜 History & Traditional Uses

{"medieval": "Coriander seeds were widely used in medieval cooking and medicine. Used in 'love potions' and to mask the taste of medicines. Included in herbals as a 'comforting spice' for the stomach.", "ancient": "Coriander seeds found in Tutankhamun's tomb. Mentioned in Sanskrit texts and the Bible (manna compared to coriander seed). Ancient Greek 'koriannon' \u2014 Hippocrates used it medicinally. Romans spread it throughout Europe.", "folk_medicine": "Traditional Ayurvedic digestive remedy. Used in European folk medicine as a carminative and mild sedative. Coriander seed tea given to children for colic. In Middle Eastern traditions, coriander seeds chewed for bad breath."}