🌿 Chamomile (German)

Matricaria chamomilla (syn. Matricaria recutita)
herbs Annual herb
Illustration of Chamomile (German)
☀️ Sun
Full sun to partial shade; 4-6 hours minimum.
💧 Water
Moderate; drought-tolerant once established. Overwatering causes fungal issues.
🗺️ Zones
Annual everywhere; self-seeds readily. Best as cool-season annual.
🪴 Soil Type
Light, well-draining, sandy; pH 5.6-7.5. Tolerates poor soil. Too-rich soil produces leggy plants with fewer flowers.
🧪 Soil pH
5.5-7.5 (prefers sandy, well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soil)
📏 Spacing
6-12 inches apart
📐 Height
12-30 inches (German); 4-12 inches (Roman)
📅 Days to Maturity
60-65 days to flower harvest

🍴 Edible Parts

🍽️ ["Flowers (primarily)"🍽️ "Leaves (mildly)"]

🤝 Companions (7)

Chamomile is said to increase basil's essential oil production and flavor intensity — classic aromatic companion.
🤝 Cabbage/Brassicas
Chamomile improves brassica growth and flavor; attracts beneficial hoverflies and parasitic wasps.
🤝 Cucumbers
Improves cucumber vigor; attracts beneficial insects.
🤝 Onions
Chamomile may improve onion flavor; deters onion flies.
🤝 Wheat and grains
Traditional companion in European grain fields; improves yield.
Both are medicinal umbels that attract beneficial insects and improve essential oil production in nearby herbs.
🤝 Mint (in separate containers)
May enhance mint's oil production, but must be separate due to mint's aggressive spreading.

⚠️ Keep Apart (2)

⚠️ Mint (in-ground)
Mint's aggressive runners overwhelm chamomile. Only plant near containerized mint.
⚠️ Potatoes
Some reports of chamomile increasing potato blight susceptibility — evidence mixed.

💊 Medicinal Uses

{"conditions_treated": ["Anxiety and stress (mild sedative, nervine \u2014 one of the most clinically studied calming herbs)", "Insomnia (well-documented sleep aid; apigenin binds to GABA receptors)", "Digestive issues (indigestion, gas, colic, IBS, stomach ulcers \u2014 anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic)", "Skin conditions (eczema, rashes, wounds, burns \u2014 potent anti-inflammatory and wound-healing)", "Teething pain in infants (chamomile teething rings/poultices)", "Menstrual cramps (antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory)", "Conjunctivitis and eye irritation (chamomile tea eyewash/compress)", "Mouth ulcers and gum inflammation (chamomile mouthwash)", "Hemorrhoids (sitz baths with chamomile)"], "preparation_methods": ["Calming tea: 2-3 tsp dried flowers steeped 10-15 min (covered to preserve volatile oils); 1-3 cups daily for anxiety/insomnia", "Sleep tea blend: Chamomile + lavender + lemon balm for enhanced sedative effect", "Skin compress: Strong chamomile infusion applied to eczema, rashes, burns, and wounds", "Eyewash: Well-strained, cooled chamomile tea for conjunctivitis and eye irritation", "Bath: Strong chamomile infusion added to bathwater for anxiety, skin conditions, or children's bedtime bath", "Tincture: 1:5 in 45% alcohol; 2-4ml 3x daily for anxiety or digestive issues", "Mouthwash: Strong infusion used as gargle for oral inflammation", "Sitz bath: Chamomile infusion for hemorrhoids and perineal healing", "Steam facial: Chamomile flowers in hot water for skin health"], "active_compounds": ["Apigenin (key sedative flavonoid)", "\u03b1-bisabolol", "Chamazulene (anti-inflammatory)", "Matricin", "Coumarins"], "toxicity_warnings": "Generally very safe even for children and infants. Rare allergic reactions in people sensitive to Asteraceae family (ragweed, daisies, marigolds). May interact with blood thinners (coumarin content) and sedatives. Avoid medicinal doses in pregnancy (may stimulate uterine contractions). Do not use if allergic to ragweed."}

📜 History & Traditional Uses

{"medieval": "One of the nine sacred herbs of the Anglo-Saxons (Lacnunga, 10th c.). Used as a strewing herb and in 'May baths.' Monk's herb \u2014 grown in every monastery garden. 'The plant physician' \u2014 planted near ailing plants to revive them.", "ancient": "Ancient Egyptians dedicated chamomile to the sun god Ra and used it for fevers. Greeks and Romans used it extensively \u2014 Dioscorides recommended it for 'female complaints' and fevers. Name 'chamomile' from Greek 'chamaimelon' (earth apple) for its apple-like scent.", "folk_medicine": "European 'mother of the gut' \u2014 the universal digestive remedy for all ages. German 'alles zutraut' (capable of anything) reflects its reputation as a cure-all. Peter Rabbit's mother gave him chamomile tea. Traditional teething remedy for centuries."}